The Confidence Trap: How Companies Misjudge Talent—and Lose Their Best Leaders

Professor Ginka Toegel, a leading expert on organisational behaviour and leadership at IMD Business School and author of The Confidence Myth, examines why companies continue to confuse confidence with competence, and how that misalignment quietly distorts promotion decisions. By unpacking new data on potential ratings, feedback patterns, and promotion outcomes, Toegel shows that the future of effective leadership development depends on replacing intuition-driven judgments with evidence-based systems that reward actual impact.

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