Trump muddles nuke-testing message

President Trump's post announcing the U.S. would resume nuclear testing featured some inaccuracies, and introduced quite a bit of uncertainty.Why it matters: Nuclear rhetoric is closely scrutinized — by governments, by defense contractors, by outside analysts — and can have unintended consequences. Trump's Truth Social shocker will have generated significant debate in Moscow and Beijing over the past 24 hours.Reality check: Trump began his announcement by claiming the U.S. has more nukes than any other country. Russia, in fact, has the largest stockpile.He also suggested the U.S. has completed its modernization efforts. They are, in fact, very much still in progress.The president then claimed China would catch up to the U.S. "within five years." Experts doubt that. While Beijing's arsenal is "growing more quickly than it grew in the past," said Jon Wolfsthal, the Federation of American Scientists' director of global risk, "this is not an immediate 'they're going to match us' problem.""By no calculation can they be considered having parity with us or a nuclear peer."Then Trump got to the red meat: "Because of other countries testing programs, I have instructed the Department of War to start testing our Nuclear Weapons on an equal basis. That process will begin immediately."State of play: The administration has offered no additional details about what, precisely, the president meant.The U.S. hasn't conducted a nuclear test in decades. And while a recent Russian trial caught Trump's attention, that was of a nuclear-capable ultra-long-range missile.The Defense Department, which conducts missile flight tests, referred an Axios inquiry to the White House. The Energy Department, which oversees explosive nuclear testing, did not respond to questions.Data: Federation of American Scientists; Chart: Axios VisualsWhat they're saying: "I have not seen any technical reason why we need to test," Frank Rose, a former National Nuclear Security Administration deputy and assistant secretary for arms control, verification and compliance, told Axios."If I were advising the president, I would say something along the lines of: 'Mr. President, you need to fully understand the global ramifications. If there is a technical issue that requires us to test, then that's one thing. But we need to be careful for the geopolitical reasons as well.'"By the numbers: Nine countries — including China, France, India, North Korea and the U.K. — possess a total of roughly 12,240 nuclear warheads, according to Federation of American Scientists analysis. Moscow and Washington control approximately 90% of them.Beijing's small-but-rapid buildup has led some more-hawkish policymakers to call for stateside expansion.Friction point: The ongoing overhaul of U.S. armaments predates Trump. The massive push is complicated by cost-and-schedule overruns (the Sentinel nuclear missile, for example) as well as deteriorating Cold War-era infrastructure at NNSA sites.The combined 2025-34 nuke plans of the DOD and DOE amount to $946 billion, according to the Congressional Budget Office.What to watch: The Kremlin denied Trump's suggestion that Russia resumed nuclear testing — but said it would if the U.S. did.Go deeper: Carnegie consortium commits $10.2 million to decipher nuke risks

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